RIP A Remix Manifesto - 2036 Words

RIP: A Remix Manifesto offers a convincing case for copyright reform raising the issues about the viscous control on the ownership of intellectual property against the free access to share ideas. Gaylor (2008) is passionate about the ridiculous copyright laws and their ongoing restrictive modifications in the USA that are demolishing the creativity of new ideas and innovations that these copyright laws were originally meant to protect. Gaylor (2008) uses his favourite artist ‘Girl Talk’ who samples and remixes music, to centre his documentary in an effort to defend the public domain and its ability to share free idea, along with the use of the remixer’s manifesto- Number 1. Culture always builds on the past. Number 2. The past always tries to control the future. Number 3. Our future is becoming less free. Number 4. To build free societies you must limit the control of the past. The first point made in the remixers’ manifesto involves Gaylor (2008) exploring the history of artists who have used the creativity of the past for the inspiration of their new idea; including Walt Disney and Metallica- who has borrowed previously made song structures from musicians- both have now become harsh advocates for the current copyright laws. In keeping with Gaylor’s (2008) style, the remaining remix manifesto points will become a guideline for the remaining essay along with the issues and case study that will be represented on the poster. Number 2. The past will always try to control theShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Documentary Rip : A Remix Manifesto 882 Words   |  4 Pages Analysis Essay Final Draft- RiP: A Remix Manifesto Information age is the world we live in today it is how we navigate to do everything phones, laptops, tablets, and the biggest one the internet. We have the ability to control and see the world with all this technology, it leads us to new heights and creations as technology and knowledge advances by the year. The best part is matching ideas and being able to build off of these new creations to make more advanced and proficient media. ButRead MoreWhen Does Fair Use Become Theft and Viceversa680 Words   |  3 PagesWho really owns ideas, and how long should they hold them? When does Fair Use become Theft and vice versa? Those are the question raised in Brett Gaylors documentary RiP: A Remix Manifesto, raises alarms for those who think copyright holders have become too aggressive about protecting their intellectual property. The documentary highlights the popular music artist known as Girl Talk. Girl Talk consists of one man named Gregg Gillis and he takes parts from different songs (usually popular ones)Read MoreEssay on Lawrence Lessig2664 Words   |  11 Pagesthere have been attempts to raise awareness of the current copyright landscape as well as attempts to create an alternative copyright scheme in defence of the Internet. Rip: A Remix Manifesto (Galor 2008) echoes much of what Lessig (2001) suggests in demanding changes for the future. Whilst Galor (2008) constructs a four-point ‘manifesto’ the overarching theme is that in order to protect the future, the control of the past, or in other words the leaders of the old industries, must be limited. In saying

Salinity Free Essays

Problems arise in the world due to salinity, as when the salt gets on to the top of the soil†¦.. it causes disaster to the plants and trees. We will write a custom essay sample on Salinity or any similar topic only for you Order Now Salt comes in many forms in the natural environment—calcium, magnesium, carbonate, sodium chloride, bicarbonate, and sulphate. Many landscapes are naturally saline, but secondary salinity isn’t so natural, occurring when salts from deep within the earth are dissolved and deposited into soil and water as a result of human activity. This can happen in one of two ways: Dryland salinity – from removal of deep-rooted plants In dry regions, deeply-rooted perennial plants, such as shrubs, trees, and grasses, play an important role in regulating groundwater levels. As water is applied to the soil, the plants drink it up and breath it out through a process called evapotranspiration. This ensures that the water table levels stay relatively stable. But this balance is thrown into chaos when farmers clear the land to gain more space for grazing animals and cultivating food crops. In doing so, they remove the deep-rooted plants and replace them with shallow-rooted annual crops. These plants do not take up as much water as once-plentiful native plants, and as a result, more water remains in the soil. Over time—up to 30 years—water accumulates in the land, causing the water table to rise. As it does so, it passes through layers of salt and dissolving the deposits that have existed in the land for centuries. The shallow-rooted plants can’t keep up with the rising water levels, which results in rising salt deposits in ever-increasing concentrations in topsoil. Irrigation salinity – from overirrigation Much like dryland salinity, irrigation salinity results in a rising water table that brings deep deposits of salt upwards through soil layers. But instead of being caused by land clearing, it results from increased irrigation. As water soaks into the soil, it adds to existing water, raising the water table, bringing salt along for the ride. During periods of irrigation, the water table will lower again, but salt will remain in surface soil, increasing the salt concentration with each irrigation cycle. What impact does it have? Contamination of ecosystems with excess salt Both dryland and irrigation salinity result in similar environmental challenges: * Groundwater used for human consumption as well as agricultural and industrial applications becomes saline, making it unusable * Wetlands and bushland ecosystems are damaged, resulting in declines in wildlife biodiversity * Salt damages houses, pipelines, railways, buildings, roads, and water supply systems What has been done about it? Many conservation and regeneration options available There are many possible steps a community can take to prevent and/or reverse salinity: Identify areas where potential for biodiversity loss is significant due to salinity, setting targets to protect and bring back sensitive species * Protecting key native vegetation species from being cleared and promoting reintroduction of these species in areas affected by salinity * Limit over-irrigation and the construction of dams in sensitive areas, such as wetlands and watercourses * Promote environmentally-sound property managem ent planning * Educate farmers and the public about the risks of increasing salinity * Construct both surface and sub-surface drainage systems to prevent salinity that results from rising water levels Is this action working? Reversing soil salinity a slow process – prevention is easier Progress in preventing and reversing the effects of salinization is slow and painstaking. Research is beginning to identify ways farmers can continue to cultivate their crops without increasing soil salinity. Planting salt tolerant, deep-rooted plants throughout agricultural lands in one way to see improvements, but like most solutions, it can be costly and requires by-in from farmers and communities alike. Further education of key stakeholders in communities at risk of salinization is required. Why is this? Effects of soil salinity take many years to appear It can take up to 30 years for communities to begin to feel the effects of increasing salinity, making reversal of the problem equally time-consuming. It also requires significant funding. The Australian government, for instance, pledged to spend nearly $8 million on salinization remediation plans to 2008. Should it continue? On one side, there are those who are against Without remediation of soil salinity, great problems lie ahead Without long-sighted solutions, the problem of salinity, including loss of agricultural land, devastation of ecosystems, and the costs associated with damaged property, will continue to increase. In the US, it is estimated that 10 million hectares of land is lost to salinity every year. The challenge is equally serious in Australia. Environmentalists have been drawing attention to this growing crisis for years, and only after seeing the effects of salinity are individuals and governments coming to terms with the magnitude of the problem. Failure to address salinity could result in widespread crop failures and even more devastating loss of biodiversity. Should it continue? On the other side, there are those who are all for it Hydro advocates oppose There are many who prefer to turn a blind eye to the problem of salinity, especially those with a vested interest in the industries responsible for the consequences. Salinity can increase in the presence of dams and other water reservoirs, making salinity an acceptable cost to advocates of large-scale hydro projects. The damming of the Colorado River, which flows into Mexico, has caused significant increases in the brackish (i. e. saline) quality of the water. Reversing these problems so that those down river can be supplied with high-quality water has been expensive for the US, resulting in costs upwards of several hundred million dollars every year. Farmers’ struggles Equally challenging is working with farmers who see the very long-range problem of salinity as minor compared to the desire to see short-term financial gains through over-irrigation of crops. Small and large-scale farmers alike struggle with the reality of spending money to prevent a problem that may not occur for decades. How to cite Salinity, Papers

Song To the Moon and Back Essay Example For Students

Song To the Moon and Back Essay Song lyrics can express powerful, passionate feelings; they can verbalize a feeling that you yourself could not put into words. Each song conveys a different message. They can be upbeat and carefree tunes, heart-wrenching break-up anthems, or angry and vulgar raps. Spencer Fort is an alternative singer and songwriter that coveys honest emotions through his lyrics. In his song, â€Å"To the Moon and Back,† he uses both song lyrics and music to express his desire to ultimately live a full, rewarding life after he overcomes the obstacles he faces. The lyrics alone carry this message that Spencer Fort is going to make his life worth something and that he will be able to look back at his life and smile in the end. The beginning of the song talks about a man up on the moon smiling down at Spencer. The man represents what Spencer wants to accomplish: Being able to look back at his life and smile down on it. The moon is the only consistent thing in his journey as a musician. As he states in the song, I get older every day, different anxieties approach and challenge him because his job is so unpredictable as a singer just starting off in the music industry. He does not know where his career is going or where his next paycheck is coming from along with normal anxieties that any human goes through. As a performer, he’s had a lot of anxieties on what his life is going to be in five or ten years, because it is a rather unstable industry. The line, I want to make it to the moon and back, is purely stating that he desires to make it to the moon, which in itself is one of the most difficult thing to accomplish. That line is a parallel to him pursuing his career as singer in the music industry, because that is also a very difficult thing to do. The song is purely about just wanting to be happy with whatever happens in his life, but sort of being afraid of it. That is also why he tied in lines from all of his other songs in it, so â€Å" To the Moon and Back† can be presented as here’s what I have done up to this point in my career and I am proud of it. By the end of the song he ties in what he said in the beginning about the old man looking down and smiling, he says â€Å"in the end I just pray that I’ve done well which represents how he wants to be by the end of his life, smiling down on his life. When he states, I just want to make it to the moon and back. The instrumental aspect of this song plays a major role in portraying the message Spencer is trying to convey: It portrays the consistencies of his life along with the different obstacles thrown at him and through it all he wants his life to mean something to him and others. To accomplish this feeling, the song starts off with just the piano playing softly but hard on the left hand bass as his voice is also soft and slow while he talks about the moon which is the consistent thing in his life. Then after the first few lines drums accompany the piano as his voice picks up and is faster causing the listener to feel suspense as the drums are beating and beating along with the lyrics that begin to bring a feeling of determination to accomplish great things and overcoming any obstacles along the way. The piano plays throughout the entire song demonstrating the consistency in his life. As the drums and guitar gets added into the song it is a parallel to all the different anxieties Spencer is experiencing in his life. .ubee9b40d6ea35539ae5a2ed01a843fd8 , .ubee9b40d6ea35539ae5a2ed01a843fd8 .postImageUrl , .ubee9b40d6ea35539ae5a2ed01a843fd8 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ubee9b40d6ea35539ae5a2ed01a843fd8 , .ubee9b40d6ea35539ae5a2ed01a843fd8:hover , .ubee9b40d6ea35539ae5a2ed01a843fd8:visited , .ubee9b40d6ea35539ae5a2ed01a843fd8:active { border:0!important; } .ubee9b40d6ea35539ae5a2ed01a843fd8 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ubee9b40d6ea35539ae5a2ed01a843fd8 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ubee9b40d6ea35539ae5a2ed01a843fd8:active , .ubee9b40d6ea35539ae5a2ed01a843fd8:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ubee9b40d6ea35539ae5a2ed01a843fd8 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ubee9b40d6ea35539ae5a2ed01a843fd8 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ubee9b40d6ea35539ae5a2ed01a843fd8 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ubee9b40d6ea35539ae5a2ed01a843fd8 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ubee9b40d6ea35539ae5a2ed01a843fd8:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ubee9b40d6ea35539ae5a2ed01a843fd8 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ubee9b40d6ea35539ae5a2ed01a843fd8 .ubee9b40d6ea35539ae5a2ed01a843fd8-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ubee9b40d6ea35539ae5a2ed01a843fd8:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Sun and The Moon script EssayBased on the instrument choice and the soft vocals, the listener can assume this will be a depressing song. Then when the drums kicks in with the piano towards the middle of the song, the listener begins to feel an upbeat and determined side of the song, because drums kind of always go along with upbeat moments in songs or just plain determination felt by the beat of the drum and the intensity of this particular instrument. The lyrics alone in this song send out such a powerful message, but without the music behind them, the listener does not get the full affect. The way Spencer Fort uses the instrumentals to enhance the lyrics is by using beats and sounds that compliment the ideas of consistency and angst found in the lyrics. Spencer truly accomplishes what he is trying to portray with this song through both the powerful lyrics and complimentary instrumentals.

The danger of lying in bed Essays - Erie, Pennsylvania, Lottery

The danger of lying in bed The man in the ticket-office said: "Have an accident insurance ticket, also?" "No," I said, after studying the matter over a little. "No, I believe not; I am going to be traveling by rail all day today. However, tomorrow I don't travel. Give me one for tomorrow." The man looked puzzled. He said: "But it is for accident insurance, and if you are going to travel by rail--" "If I am going to travel by rail I shouldnt need it. Lying at home in bed is the thing I am afraid of." I had been looking into this matter. Last year I traveled twenty thousand miles, almost entirely by rail; the year before, I traveled over twenty-five thousand miles, half by sea and half by rail; and the year before that I traveled in the neighborhood of ten thousand miles, exclusively by rail. I suppose if I put in all the little odd journeys here and there, I may say I have traveled sixty thousand miles during the three years I have mentioned. And never an accident. For a good while I said to myself every morning: "Now I have escaped thus far, and so the chances are just that much increased that I shall catch it this time. I will be shrewd, and buy an accident ticket." And to a dead moral certainty I drew a blank, and went to bed that night without a joint started or a bone splintered. I got tired of that sort of daily bother, and fell to buying accident tickets that were good for a month. I said to myself, "A man can't buy thirty blanks in one bundle." But I was mistaken. There was never a prize in the lot. I could read of railway accidents every day the newspaper atmosphere was foggy with them; but somehow they never came my way. I found I had spent a good deal of money in the accident business, and had nothing to show for it. My suspicions were aroused, and I began to hunt around for somebody that had won in this lottery. I found plenty of people who had invested, but not an individual that had ever had an accident or made a cent. I stopped buying accident tickets and went to ciphering. The result was astounding. THE PERIL LAY NOT IN TRAVELING, BUT IN STAYING AT HOME. I hunted up statistics, and was amazed to find that after all the glaring newspaper headings concerning railroad disasters, less than three hundred people had really lost their lives by those disasters in the preceding twelve months. The Erie road was set down as the most murderous in the list. It had killed forty-six--or twenty-six, I do not exactly remember which, but I know the number was double that of any other road. But the fact straightway suggested itself that the Erie was an immensely long road, and did more business than any other line in the country; so the double number of killed ceased to be matter for surprise. By further figuring, it appeared that between New York and Rochester the Erie ran eight passenger trains each way every day 16 altogether; and carried a daily average of 6,000 persons. That is about a million in six months the population of New York City. Well, the Erie kills from 13 to 23 persons out of its million in six months; and in the same time 13,000 of New York's million die in their beds! My flesh crept, my hair stood on end. "This is appalling!" I said. "The danger isn't in traveling by rail, but in trusting to those deadly beds. I will never sleep in a bed again." I had figured on considerably less than one-half the length of the Erie road. It was plain that the entire road must transport at least eleven or twelve thousand people every day. There are many short roads running out of Boston that do fully half as much; a great many such roads. There are many roads scattered about the Union that do a prodigious passenger business. Therefore it was fair to presume that an average of 2,500 passengers a day for each road in the country would be about correct.

Mandatory Two years Training essays

Mandatory Two years Training essays The educational system today lacks the power to keep some kids interests. There exist several contrasts within having at least two years mandatory training yet with still some similarities to todays school systems. Todays educational system overflows with a growing percentage of dropouts. Students dropout for many reasons such as, getting pregnant, drugs, or even because they do not care. For whatever reason they choose, they still have to get a job and support themselves and usually they choose to work at a fast food restaurant. This means a low wage job, with no benefits, that only requires two legs, two arms, and a brain. Kids who go to school longer, will get better educated. Students who drop out of high school early miss the opportunity for a better education. If they have to go to school then they will not miss that education that could some day save their lives. One girl drops out as a sophomore because she finds herself pregnant, she does not have enough money to pay for her electric bill and she has her three kids to take care of. Not knowing the effects of carbon monoxide poisoning, she ends up killing herself and her kids by turning on her gas for heat with the window closed. A man datory two years training would help educate the public. High school heath class usually teaches their students about CPR. CRP helps save lives for many drowning swimmers. Summer time has become one of the best time for little kids to swim in the nearby public pools. Lifeguards watch over them at all times, and they complete CPR training before their fist day on the job. Kids swim in lakes, creeks, and family pools all the time without supervision. Learning CRP in a health class will make kids safer by their selfs; students learn simple procedures for saving lives while in high school and if they drop out they forfeit that learning privilege. Pregnancy has become one of the usual causes of teen dropouts. Keeping th...

African Americans in World War I

African Americans in World War I Fifty years after the end of the Civil War, the nation’s 9.8 million African Americans held a tenuous place in society. Ninety percent of African Americans lived in the South, most trapped in low-wage occupations, their daily lives shaped by restrictive â€Å"Jim Crow† laws and threats of violence. But the start of World War I in the summer of 1914 opened up new opportunities and changed American life and culture forever. â€Å"Recognizing the the significance of World War I is essential to developing a full understanding of modern African-American history and the struggle for black freedom,† argues Chad Williams, Associate Professor of African Studies at Brandeis University.      The Great Migration While the United States wouldn’t enter the conflict until 1917, the war in Europe stimulated the U.S. economy almost from the start, setting off a 44-month long period of growth, particularly in manufacturing. At the same time, immigration from Europe fell sharply, reducing the white labor pool. Combined with a boll weevil infestation that devoured millions of dollars worth of cotton crops in 1915 and other factors, thousands of African Americans across the South decided to head North. This was the start of the â€Å"Great Migration,† of more than 7 million African-Americans over the next half-century. During the World War I period, an estimated 500,000 African Americans moved out of the South, most of them heading for the cities. Between 1910-1920, the African American population of New York City grew 66%; Chicago, 148%; Philadelphia, 500%; and Detroit, 611%. As in the South, they faced discrimination and segregation in both jobs and housing in their new homes. Women, in particular, were largely relegated to the same work as domestics and childcare workers as they had at home. In some cases, tension between whites and the newcomers turned violent, as in the deadly East St Louis riots of 1917. Close Ranks African American public opinion on America’s role in the war mirrored that of white Americans: first they didn’t want to get involved in a European conflict, the quickly changing course in late 1916. When President Woodrow Wilson stood before Congress to ask for a formal declaration of war on April 2, 1917, his assertion that the world â€Å"must be made safe for democracy† resonated with African American communities as an opportunity to fight for their civil rights within the U.S. as part of a broader crusade to secure democracy for Europe. â€Å"Let us have a real democracy for the United States,† said an editorial in the Baltimore Afro-American, â€Å"and then we can advise a house-cleaning on the other side of the water.†    Some African American newspapers held that blacks shouldn’t participate in the war effort because of rampant American inequality. On the other end of the spectrum, W.E.B. DuBois wrote a powerful editorial for the NAACP’s paper, The Crisis. â€Å"Let us not hesitate. Let us, while this war lasts, forget our special grievances and close our ranks shoulder to shoulder with our own white fellow citizens and the allied nations that are fighting for democracy.†    Over There Most young African American men were ready and willing to prove their patriotism and their mettle. Over 1 million registered for the draft, of which 370,000 were selected for service, and more than 200,000 were shipped off to Europe. From the beginning, there were disparities in how African American servicemen were treated. They were drafted at a higher percentage. In 1917, local draft boards inducted 52% of black candidates and 32% of white candidates. Despite a push by African American leaders for integrated units, black troops remained segregated, and the vast majority of these new soldiers were used for support and labor, rather than combat. While many young soldiers were probably disappointed to spend the war as truck drivers, stevedores, and laborers, their work was vital to the American effort. The War Department did agree to train 1,200 black officers at a special camp in Des Moines, Iowa and a total of 1,350 African American officers were commissioned during the War. In the face of public pressure, the Army created two all-black combat units, the 92nd and 93rd Divisions. The 92nd Division became mired in a racial politics and other white divisions spread rumors that damaged its reputation and limited its opportunities to fight. The 93rd, however, was put under French control and didn’t suffer the same indignities. They performed well on the battlefields, with the 369th- dubbed the â€Å"Harlem Hellfighters†- winning praise for their fierce resistance to the enemy.    African American troops fought at Champagne-Marne, Meuse-Argonne, Belleau Woods, Chateau-Thierry, and other major operations. The 92nd and 93rd sustained over 5,000 casualties, including 1,000 soldiers killed in action. The 93rd included two Medal of Honor recipients, 75 Distinguished Service crosses, and 527 French â€Å"Croix du Guerre† medals. Red Summer If African American soldiers expected white gratitude for their service, they were quickly disappointed. Combined with labor unrest and paranoia over Russian-style â€Å"Bolshevism,† the fear that black soldiers had been â€Å"radicalized† overseas contributed to the bloody â€Å"Red Summer† of 1919. Deadly race riots broke out in 26 cities across the country, killing hundred. At least 88 black men were lynched in 1919- 11 of them newly-returned soldiers., some still in uniform. But World War I also inspired fresh resolve among African Americans to keeping working towards a racially-inclusive America that truly lived up to its claim to be the light of Democracy in the modern world. A new generation of leaders was born from the ideas and principles of their urban peers and exposure to France’s more equal view of race, and their work would help lay the groundwork for the Civil Rights movement later in the 20th Century.

Appeal letter to the school fees Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Appeal letter to the school fees - Essay Example I am faced with a problem that is becoming a hindrance in my education. Kindly help me with this problem so that I can return to focus on my studies. As stated earlier, I registered in the fall 2010 semester and began my studies. To my misfortune, my family’s business did not recover from a major setback, as it was expected to do so around this time of the year. My father owns his own business that has provided for all my needs in Canada – schooling and living. However, he has been facing some setbacks in it since a year that has led my family to suffer few financial problems. Some ray of hope was expected to emerge in the middle of the past year as my dad had told me that things would be sorted out by then. I registered in the semester with the idea that my family would eventually get back to its original financial position but unfortunately, things did not work out like I wanted them to. I had attended only two weeks of classes when I got the sad news from my father t hat he had tried all possible avenues for the improvement of the business. This news made me realize that my family would not be able to support my studies in the respective semester.

Contamination and Remediation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Contamination and Remediation - Essay Example These properties have been passed over to the government for redevelopment. (source) One of these areas is 500 acres of land which used to be a petroleum refinery area. The former owner of the property, the Amoco Oil, together with the Sugar Creek Township would like to apply to the government for remediation of this property. They would like to redevelop this property and turn the 300 acres into a commercial and industrial site. They believe that the development of this property would bring back the value of the property, create job employment, and bring progress to the community. (source) Amoco oil has occupied 500 acres of land on both sides of Sugar Creek. The Missouri River bounds the site to the north, wooded areas are on the East Buff and West Bluff, and residential areas are t the south.(in ASTRA) The Norledge area is adjacent south side of the site. The Alchion Topeka & Santa Fe and the Missouri Pacific railroad lines run through the northern portion of the site. The state and the government provide financial assistance to qualified Brownfield developers as part of the Brownfield Assistance Program. Since Sugar Creek is a partner in this venture, municipal obligation bonds may be issued on a long term maturity to provide sufficient time for development. Amoco on its part of the deal may use corporate borrowings in forms of debt and or equity from shareholders a. Technical viewpoint. The technical side of the remediation is the identification or eligibility of participation of the proponents in the Brown field Cleanup program. A technical assessment will be done by the US EPA if the area qualifies to be in the Brownfield program (Dept. of Conservation) b. Remediation process. Clean up can make use of several process but use of pumps was found appropriate for Amoco’s purpose Initial efforts used a trench-type recovery system

Social Networking Essay Example for Free

Social Networking Essay The twenty first century is known to be the world of the ‘Internet’; it is the most efficient way to get connected to our friends, relatives and colleagues. Sites such as Facebook have become very common among our youth today and have influenced our modern lives in many aspects. Being enrolled at a school with over 1000 students you begin to notice the reliance that a majority of the students have on Social Networking. As a student myself I have always had an interest in the way people act and the effect that these sites have on both the social and psychological side of us; this led me to the question ‘How often does cyberbulying occur?’ Technology allows all of us immediate access to information, which can greatly benefit our lives1. However, it has also provided some people with the means to exploit the innocent, commit crimes, and inflict injury on others. This technology has allowed some teens to take bullying that thrives in school hallways into cyberspace1. Bullying refers to any kind of aggressive behaviour, which is normally intentional and entails an imbalance of strength or power1. Cyberbulying is also referred to as a social online cruelty which can be described as an intentional aggressive act which is carried out by an individual or a group of individuals against a victim, done repeatedly over a long period of time and sent through electronic contacts1. Research indicates that there are a variety of reasons as to why people bully2, * Cultural causes fascinated with winning, power and violence.2 * Institutional causes the place in which bullying takes place, whether the home, school or workplace is not of high standards for the way people treat each other bullying is more likely to occur.2 * Social issues the fact that one gets more social recognition for negative behaviours than positive one can also contribute to reasons as to why people bully.2 * Family issues families that are not warm and loving and in which feelings are not shared are more likely to have children who bully, either with in the family home or in other locations in which children meet others.2 In relation to why people bully, a survey was conducted from December 2006 till January 2007 by the members of Kids Help Phone which had over 2500 respondents3. This stated that more than 70% of respondents to the survey reported that they have been a victim of cyberbulying, while 44% said they have been the bully themselves. At least 38% reported having experienced cyberbulying within the last three months3. This was a major key finding as it is clearly evident that there are a large number of cyberbulying incidents that occur, considering that there were only 2500 respondents and 70% reported being a victim is a huge thing, not to mention that most cyberbulying incidents are not reported and go un-noticed. Having investigated this further studies show that almost most cyberbulying cases go unreported because a large number of youth and their parents think that cyberbulying is not a big deal4. However, it has been proven that a victim of this type of bullying can lead to serious disorders for the future, including suicide4. This indicates that when one becomes a victim of cyberbulying, they are a victim for life. Though the bullying itself may go away, the fear, the hurt and the memories scar the victim forever. In a survey that was conducted at Mount Gambier High School similar results were found5; 54.5% of students said that they had been a victim of cyberbulying, while 23% said they have bullied someone online. 81.8% say that whilst on these sites they have witnessed cruel behaviour, 33.3% say that they ignore this behaviour when and if it occurs5. This was an important finding as it is apparent that when and if cyberbulying occurs, teenagers who are a witness tend not to do anything about it. This relates to my previous findings because if people did something about the cruel behaviour they witness online, than the victim of bullying statistic (70%)3 wouldn’t be as high as it is. It just goes to show that teenagers have a power that they don’t quite realise nor understand. Cyberbulying is a major concern of young people. In 2010, it was ranked the third highest issue of concern for 11 to 14 year olds6. Over a quarter of this age group indicates it was a major concern, compared with 20% of 15 to 19 year olds and 16% of 20 to 24 year olds6. In an interview with a parent of two teenagers7 (Anonymous), it was evident that technology creates certain challenges for adults who are trying to keep up with the relationship problems among adolescents. It is clear that to an adolescent the primary influence are his/her peers and what they think; while physical assaults or bullying is bad, verbal or the relational aggression can be equally as bad for certain kids. Many adults don’t trust teens these days because they assume that they are engaging in bad behaviours. They believe that it is the teenager’s responsibility to demonstrate to the adults in their lives that they are using technology safely, responsibly, appropriately and for them to sort of take some ownership over that. It’s very important to have a discussion between parents and teens so the adults know that the vast majority of teens are doing the right thing online. On average 11% of teens talk to their parents about incidents of cyberbulying.8 Another interview took place9 with a student at Mount Gambier High school who clearly stated that she believes Social Networking sites such as Facebook are encouraging teenagers to bully, it is giving them more of an opportunity, as on the internet you can practically be whoever you want to be and there is less risk of getting caught. It is common for teenagers to use Social Networking sites such as Facebook to their advantage, having that availability to all those sites give teenagers more freedom with very little boundaries; therefore making it an unsafe place to be. The student said that whilst on these sites you don’t think about the risk factors, it’s more of a spur of the moment thing. She also stated that a majority of the time it’s more for entertainment or a joke without actually realising what effect it could have on a person.9 With this information at hand it is clearly evident that Social Networking sites are definitely encouraging teenagers to bully. Social networking sites encourage people to be more public about their personal lives, intimate details of our lives can be posted so easily and users are prone to bypass the filters they might normally employ when talking about their private lives. Whats more, the things they post remain available indefinitely. Facebook in particular, by far the most popular social networking medium is encouraging the ‘anonymous’ by making it easy and accessible to under 18’s. A Senior Research Associate from the School of Psychology at the University of Adelaide conducted a survey at Mount Gambier High School in 2012 as part of the South Australian Media Use Survey (SAMUS)10. The study employed the best available psychological measures of mental health-related issues; the survey helped the understanding on how youth use media and it’s interaction with mental health. A total of 523 students took part in the study and within that study it showed that 35% of males use the internet to escape from problems compared to 31% of females; male and females do not differ greatly in terms of their preoccupation and difficulty in regulating the use of the internet.10 The vast majority of students at Mount Gambier High School report having at least one close friend with symptoms of a mental health issue in which was connected to Social Networking.10 The known prevalence of depression among adolescents (12-18 years) is about one in five (20%)10. Taking this figure into account, the symptoms profiles across gender were close to the expected norm, although females tended to report more depressive symptoms than boys.10 In conclusion, with the expansion of the internet and social networking technologies cyber-bullying is becoming more common and more severe. The research presented clearly shows that cyberbulying is on an uprise with a majority of teenagers reporting that they have been a victim of cyberbully while the other small portion admitting that they see it happen yet don’t do anything about it. Within my study it was shown that the average school student has at least one friend with symptoms of a mental health issue which is connected to social networking. This research paper is to inform society about what has been going on lately. Cyberbulying is technology powered and will only get worse as technology becomes more widespread; hopefully this paper will help to inform today’s youth and parents. If you see any kind of bullying happening in front of you, stop it if possible, and then report it.

How the Western Film Genre Has Developed over the Past Century Essay

The Western film genre is typically set in a secluded village in the middle of the desert, normally in the American West. The setting includes wooden buildings, tumble weed, cacti, trains, horses and carriages. The storyline for western films is usually the same, namely, a hero travels to a remote village, usually on a horse, and brings peace to the warring villagers. In a traditional Western film the clothing for the hero is usually a white hat, (this is to show purity). The hero would also wear a brightly coloured shirt , a pair of jeans and cowboy boots with spurs on the back of them. The hero is also very clean and also normally tall and good looking. A traditional Western includes things like white settlers living in a town and a white hero fights white baddies and usually the hero wins. In a traditional western the Native Americans attack the towns where religious and peaceful people live. This makes the Native Americans look like bad people and the whites as good people. The first Western film ever made was called ‘The Great Train Robbery‘. It was made by ‘The Lumiere Brothers’ in 1903.This film was a high quality film, because they used some panning with the camera. This was unusual in its time because the cameras that they had, had to be put on a fixed point because they were too heavy to lift. This meant that they couldn’t move in for close-ups. Consequently it made it harder for the audience to understand the characters feelings and to understand the storyline. If the camera can move in on the villain when he is plotting something or pulling a gun out ready for a fight it is much easier for the audience to follow. ’The Great Train Robbery’ was a simple one-reeler action picture, about 10 minutes long, with... ...eserts, wooden buildings, small towns and cacti for the setting, western music and wind sounds for the backing music, and crane shots and panning for the camera shots. Shooting games are very popular with boys and so using the Western as a basis for these games should mean that many of them will be sold. Westerns have, and always will, be very popular. The storylines, the shoot-outs and the all action drama are popular with men. The handsome hero and the better roles for women in the films means that more women were attracted to Westerns. The advances in technology meant that lots of people came to see the films just to see the camera shots and the sound. The change of storylines which showed the Native Americans to be nice people also kept peoples interest in Westerns. This is why they are still used today to sell products such as jeans and computer games.

The Effects of Anxiety on Language Learning of Esl and Efl University Students

The Effects of Anxiety On Language Learning of ESL and EFL University Students Review of Literature Introduction: There has always been the existence of the feeling of anxiety-anticipation of danger and the fear of some untoward occurrence in the back f our minds. However, in the modern age of stress, cutthroat competition and uncertainty, the problem of anxiety has become chronic and has developed into a menace. This, as every one knows, has posed a strong challenge towards the maintenance of our good health and well-being and onto learning process of learners and even stronger, in ESL and EFL university students for being taught a foreign/second language besides their own ones. For defining anxiety, it can be said that anxiety is an uncomfortable emotional state which has some characteristics like: feeling of apprehension, worry, nervousness, dread, and feeling of stress that may stem from the anticipation of some non-specific source of danger. Rapid heartbeat,dizziness,fainting tendency,trembling,irregularbreathing,sweating,palpitations,hypertension,chest pain and shortness of breath, are common symptoms, all/some of which are observed in persons suffering from anxiety. It may be noted that anxiety may actually prove beneficial in some respects, too. The feeling of anxiety helps cope with the intense situations arising in life. In a way, it helps motivate persons to prepare in the best manner and perform to the utmost in public speaking, at an exam, in working towards meeting some deadline,etc. However,it turns into a malady if it goes beyond a certain limit and even may threaten health. In today’s world, there is a large amount of reported cases who are suffering from anxiety and it may even reach such enormous proportions in some people, as to interfere with their ability to function normally. Researchers have studied the effects of anxiety on foreign language learning since the 1970’s; and on second language learning, there are many researches as well. London, R says that: The monumental need of the ESL student is to interact normally both socially and academically in the mainstream classroom . Social and academic anxieties, are the core impediments to adoption and learning. Thus,the teachers need to understand the specific nature of these anxieties by using an affective measurement scale to identify the specific anxiety –provoking scenarios the ESL student experiences. Further more, teachers need to work collaboratively with the student, parents, and each other to set clear performance and behavioral expectations. ESL students need to learn the practical functional nature and practice the functional language needed to participate fully. Finally, structuring self- assessment, as well as classroom activities aimed to maximize an interactive academic experience is essential. Daniels and Hewitt attempted to investigate the effects of different levels of test anxiety on actual rather than simulated classroom test performance. The intent was to learn whether the effect of anxiety would be dependent upon or independent of several variables, such as test scores, sex differences, intelligence, and type of test items. In response to the last, Boor claims that: the Sara son Test Anxiety Scale was administered to students immediately after a course examination and to other students after a regular class period. A significant relationship between test anxiety and examination scores was obtained for the former group and no significant relationship was found when intelligence was partialed out. As Horwitz, Horwitz, and Cope (1991) note, educators should help anxious students cope with existing anxiety-provoking situations and endeavor to make the learning context less stressful. When learners view the classroom as anxiety inducing, they often feel as if they are swimming among sharks and become less socially oriented, less assertive, and more withdrawn or self-conscious than in other situations. Anxiety is often a manifestation of feelings of incompetence. And he says that: where the trigger is concern over being scrutinized, judged and compared to others, the teacher can alleviate anxiety and foster a less confrontational atmosphere by encouraging pair work, group activities and scaffolding for mutual support and reassurance. Young (1991) identifies the following as the main categories and sources of language learning anxiety for general learners. A. anxiety stemming from personal and interpersonal anxieties 1. Low self-esteem 2. Competitiveness 3. Self-perceived low ability levels 4. Communication apprehension 5. Social anxiety 6. Existential anxiety 7. Lack of SL group membership 8. Learner beliefs about language learning B. anxiety stemming from role-related beliefs about language teaching 1. That some intimidation of students is necessary 2. That the instructor’s role is to correct students constantly 3. That the instructor cannot have students working in pairs because the class may get out of control 4. That the instructor should be doing most of the talking and teaching 5. That the instructor is like a drill sergeant C. anxiety stemming from instructor-learner interactions 1. from the instructor’s harsh manner of correcting student errors 2. from students’ fear of being incorrect in front of their peers 3. from students’ concerns over how mistakes are perceived in the language class D. anxiety stemming from classroom procedures 1. Having student speak in the target language in front of the class 2. Giving frequent oral quizzes, listening comprehension in particular 3. Calling on student to respond orally and exclusively in the SL E. anxiety stemming from aspects of language testing 1. Test formats that evoke more anxiety than others, e. g. , listening comprehension, translation from SL to English 2. Over-studying for hours only to find that the tests assess different material 3. Unfamiliar test tasks Conclusion: Some aspects mentioned in above researches which are proved to be correlated with the level of anxiety are, for example, belief in giftedness and self-efficacy and so on . It is discussed in almost all researches that anxiety may have both facilitative and debilitative effects on language learning of SL/FL learners . However, anxiety seems to be facilitative in some situations of learning especially in second/foreign language learning in a way that it reduces the feeling of being watched or/and being appeared unnatural in reacting inFL/SL learning classes and further in lesson replying in real situations. Because anxiety may have a debilitating effect on the acquisition of the second language, it is important to help learners to cope with and reduce second language anxiety. And for recognition of these effects and cope with them, it seems to be needed a new conclusive study for some forgotten aspects or in other way: for recognizing higher and lower important ones first. After that, researchers should identify the specific items that make the students anxious. The researcher needs to discuss the results with the students and come to conclusions by asking the ESL/EFL student some questions to find the sources of anxiety in the ESL/EFL students. References: Barney, G (2006). Anxiety-Unnatural or Natural, anxiety, 2, Article0611from http://www. articlecube. com Boor, M (1978). Test Anxiety and Classroom Examination Performance: A Reply to Daniels and Hewitt . Clinical Psychology Journal, 36 (1) Jan 1980, 177-179. Burden, P (2004). The Teacher as

Monkey King

Monkey king is a one of the most widely known Chinese mythological creature. It was first appeared in the novel called Xi You Ji (Journey to the West). As the legend begins, the Monkey King is born from the earth and known as the stone monkey. Then he entered a cave which other monkeys are not brave enough to get into. The stone monkey was the only one to do so and they declared him King. Day by day, he feared that he would soon die and began a quest. It was on this journey that he learned the secrets of Martial Arts and immortality. At the same time, his behavior makes the gods in the heaven very angry. So they decide to catch him in order to make sure that they can take control of him. Unfortunately, due to fact that monkey king is a skilled fighter no one can defeat him. Eventually, these gods call upon Buddha to help them. The Buddha decides to let the monkey help a Monk to get the sutras. Along the way, the Monkey King is filled with antics of trickery, deceit, disobedience†¦ and yet through it all, he still helps the monk and can be seen as overall having a good heart. It's just in his nature to play. We all like him because everyone in the society wants to live a life like monkey king. When he is angry, he needn’t to hide his temper. When he is sad, it is possible for him to cry loudly without thinking other things. So the monkey king is an ideal character of us. Throughout history, the story has been a major part of Chinese culture. It has been made into a famous Chinese Opera, which is still being performed today. It has also been made into a cartoon which is still popular among teenagers. The cartoon called Havoc in the Heavenly Kingdom is Chinese first comedy cartoon. Millions of Chinese children hear the story of the monkey king before they go asleep. And millions of children buy the toy of the cute monkey because of monkey king.

The eNotes Blog Food for Thought 10 Symbolic Dishes from ClassicNovels

Food for Thought 10 Symbolic Dishes from ClassicNovels Food makes everything better. Using it as a motif, or repetitive symbol, in literature makes reading all the more delicious. Who would  not wish to take a bite out of   Madame Bovary’s ultra-chav wedding’s Savoy cake, or know for themselves exactly how bad that gruel was in Oliver Twist. Check these ten famous literature munchies and see why they make great food†¦for thought! 1. Cucumber Sandwiches Featured in:  The Importance of Being Earnest by Oscar Wilde Oscar Wildes 1895 play The Importance of Being Earnest opens in a glamorous West London bachelors pad belonging to the dandy Algernon Moncrieff.   Ã¢â‚¬Å"Algy asks his butler to prepare cucumber sandwiches for his aristocratic aunt, Lady Bracknell. Algy’s best friend Ernest asks, â€Å"Why cucumber sandwiches? Why such reckless extravagance in one so young?† The issue concludes with Algy’s mindless eating of all of his aunts sandwiches prior to her arrival, only to claim to her later that there were no cucumbers in the market even for ready money. So why are cucumber sandwiches considered extravagant? Although cucumbers originated in India over 4,000 years ago it was not until Queen Victorias appointment as Empress of India in 1877 that the influence of the national products, such as the cucumber, fully entered the British culture. Once the sandwiches hit the royal table for the first time, the upper and middle classes caught wind of it and made them their signature afternoon tea snack. Following the very Victorian tradition of imitating everything that the Queen did, these once-dubbed beautiful people solidified the connection between the cucumber sandwich and â€Å"poshness. 2. Eggs   Featured In: Angela’s Ashes by Frank McCourt In Frank McCourt’s 1987 Nobel prize-winning memoir Angela’s Ashes, the egg symbolizes hope, wishes, and indulgence. This guileless motif is juxtaposed to the dire living conditions of the Irish Catholic McCourt family. Young Frank tells us in chapter IX that he has plans for â€Å"that egg† that he would get the Sunday after his father gets the first paycheck from his new job.   The plan: To â€Å"tap it around the top, gently crack the shell, lift with a spoon, a dab of butter down into the yolk, salt, take my time, a dip of the spoon, scoop, more salt, more butter, [and] into the mouth†. Yummo! Eggs are described with particular candor, as they represent a luxury that the McCourts, with their never-ending financial woes, could hardly afford. Sadly, no one gets any eggs. Malachy, Frank’s father, ends up squandering all of his paychecks, leaving his family to fall deeper into their cavernous money hole. But lady luck helps Frank once he leaves Ireland and reaches America: he gets to work at a restaurant, and hunger is no longer an issue for him! After hunger is satiated in the novel, food becomes a motif for American excesses, complete with dreams of a jumbo shrimp chasing Mrs. Angela McCourt down the street. The novel is not about food, but you get the idea. 3. â€Å"The† Savoy Cake Featured In: Madame Bovary by Gustave Flaubert A true representative of Flaubert’s style Madame Bovary is a bona fide example of Romanticism. Fast forward to chapter 4 (part 1) and witness the deeply bucolic wedding of Charles and Emme Bovary. The entire chapter is an epicurean dream featuring â€Å"four sirloins, six chicken fricassees, stewed veal, three legs of mutton, and in the middle a fine roast suckling pig, flanked by four chitterlings with sorrel†. Yet, nothing beats the towering Savoy Cake proudly displayed at table. A monster of excess and tackiness, the cake foreshadows Emme’s future state of mind: the hunger for extravagance that will doom her life until the end. Flaubert describes it as a â€Å"dungeon† that was â€Å"surrounded by many fortifications in candied angelica, almonds, raisins, and †¦ oranges†. There is more, my friends: â€Å"†¦on the upper platform a green field with rocks set in lakes of jam, nutshell boats, and a small Cupid balancing himself in a chocolate †¦ real roses for balls at the top†. It will not be the last time in the novel that Flaubert chuckles at the tastes of his country folk. The historical Savoy cake was created in the court of the Prussian empire. It is traced back to court chef Felix Urbain-Dubois, who introduced Russian cuisine to France in 1869. It seems that the Russian court was pretty eccentric, for this sort of dessert was everyday business. The recipe calls for 4lbs of castor sugar, orange sugar, egg yolks, and a pinch of salt. Add regular flour, potato flour, frothy egg whites and you got yourself a batter. The cake is to be baked in three separate parts for over 1 hour using molds greased with kidney fat. This means that the Savoy cake is not only heavy in flavor, but also in texture, weight and, surely, calories: perfect elements for a sumptuous wedding cake. 4. Macaroons Featured In: A Doll’s House by Henrik Ibsen Ibsen’s most controversial play, A Doll’s House unveils the deep issues of a 19th century woman who, unbeknownst to her, begrudgingly accepts to embody the epitome of the virtuous Victorian wife. As early as the first scene, it is obvious that Nora’s biggest issue is her domineering husband, Torvald, who is annoying in a passive-aggressive way. He constantly questions Nora on whether she is secretly grazing macaroons: â€Å"Hasnt Miss Sweet Tooth been breaking rules in town today?† and he scolds her for doing so. However, Nora does not control her love for macaroons. Sometimes it seems as if she eats them on purpose. So, what exactly was Nora eating? A macaroon cookie is made of flour, coconut, vanilla, and sugar. Their history goes back to the reign of Henri II, husband of Catherine of Medici right at the height of the Renaissance period in 1533. Back then, these treats resembled the modern day biscotti; hard and easy to preserve, but still quite a rich snack for steady consumption. At 140 calories for two little ones, macaroons may have endangered Nora’s reign as â€Å"doll† if she really ate as many as the play indicates. According to it, Nora would eat them at any time, for she presumably carried them around all day, hidden from Torvald. This concealment and secret indulgence make macaroons a motif that clearly reflects the quiet yet fiery rebellion that lurks within Nora. They also represent Nora’s many other secrets and confessions, her frustration, and her angst†¦ all the things which she has hidden from Torvald all through their marriage under the guise of domest ic happiness. 5. Gruel Featured In: Oliver Twist by Charles Dickens Chapter 2 of Oliver Twist describes the shocking reaction caused by Oliver’s famous line â€Å"Please, Sir, I want some more† when asking for a second helping of the workhouse gruel. The dish personifies the extremes of poverty. Gruel is the lifeline of the poor: a weak, tasteless, ugly, gritty lifeline. Such is the reality of which Dickens wanted to make the world aware. The members of the workhouses board contracted with a corn-factor to supply periodically small quantities of oatmeal; and issued three meals of thin gruel a day, with an onion twice a week, and half a roll on Sundays. A mix of hot water, salt, and sop from grains, gruel can be made of millet, rice, or flour. The thinner the gruel, the more watery it would be, hence, the half a roll mentioned in the workhouse contract comes in handy. While Oliver Twist creates awareness for the poor in England during the earlier part of the 19th century, the conditions of the workhouse may not have been as radical as the novel describes. According to the 1835 dietary charts from the Abingdon workhouse, the English Poor Laws suggested six different meal combination samples to feed the growing number of men, women and children entering the workhouse force. In 1834, as cited by the historical Workhouse.org, all of Brightons workhouses, over 300 of them, were serving three meals per day with no limitation in quantity. This is not to say that the workhouse was a good place to be. Jack Londons 1903 book People of the Abyss describes all the miseries in the Londons East End slum district, including suicide attempts made by people who would have rather died than be sent to the workhouse. 6. The Woman Cake Featured In: The  Edible Woman by Margaret Atwood Think 1969.   Margaret Atwood, a leading Canadian figure in the woman’s equality proto-movement gave the world Edible Woman right at the formation of the women’s rights movement. In chapter 30 of the novel, main character Marian has a feminist freak-out because she does not want to get married (she is engaged) nor does she desire to have children. Her role models were all unhappy married women, and her job prospects were awful. As a result, the woman mentally imploded. First, she began to refuse food, as she compared eating with what women go through when our personas are eaten away by marriage. Then, she started getting difficult with her dial-tone boyfriend, Peter. Finally, she decided to to bake a cake molded like a woman; a symbol of herself about to get consumed by society. The cake is described as a sponge cake, completely home- made from scratch, frosted with pink, and brown icing, and one white section. The face was made of candies and bits. She divided the cake into two to make the upper and bottom, and made a head, arms, and legs. She tried bits and pieces of the cake, but the plan was to make Peter eat it. The idea behind the crazy experiment was to envision what her life will be after marriage: Peter will end up consuming her just like the cake, and she will no longer be herself anymore. This proto-feminine novel hashes out all kinds of women issues to include hysteria, dissatisfaction, sex, man-hatin’, slacker mothers, eating disorders, and food. LOTS of it. Everywhere. 7. Bread Featured In: Hansel and Gretel by the Brothers Grimm Published in 1821, this German fairytale is about a brother and sister who are thrown out of their home because there is no food to feed them. Lost in the forest, the children use breadcrumbs mark their way around the forest for them to be able to return. However, the birds eat the crumbs, leaving them scared and vulnerable in the forest.   Shortly after, the children are lured by the delicious smell of baking bread and end up entering a candy-covered gingerbread house, where a sweet old lady who offers them all the goodies that they could not get at home first treats them like guests. In reality, she was feeding them well in order to eat them, for the old lady was no sweet little thing: she was a witch! Bread means sustenance. In the story, it also symbolizes the universal need for it; the birds ate it, and now the smell of bread is luring them to yet another place. The oven, which produces the smell of bread that lures them in, also serves as the ultimate symbol of justice. The children are able to throw the witch in the burning oven and run away from her.   Overall it is safe to say that carbohydrates, period, are the motif in the story. Candy, gingerbread, sugar, all of that jazz is at the center of the action and embodies the main idea: if it looks too good to be true, it surely is. 8. Chocolate   Featured In: The Chocolate War by Robert Cormier This young adult novel published in 1974 occupies the THIRD position in the American Library Association Top 100 Banned and Challenged Books from 2000-2009. The language is thought to be too mature for young adult literature. Nevertheless, chocolate is the anchor of the novel, mainly regarding our rebellious hero, Jerry Renault. The boy who goes head-on against his school’s head master’s chocolate sale, he comes out as a perfect tragic hero: he is lonely, he is 14, he wants a girlfriend, he wants to make a statement, and he may actually be a bit ahead of his peers in terms of emotional intelligence. The most important symbolism involving chocolate is the death of Jerry’s mom a few months into the story. Her death has seriously affected him, and, at some poignant moment, he chooses to agree to the selling of last season’s Mother’s Day chocolates as long as the â€Å"Mother’s Day† label is ripped off the box. If that is not a statement for grief, what else could it be? The motif of chocolate is not only representative of the macro management of the headmasters, the economic framework of the school, or the sense of team competition. The motif also reaches a deeper meaning that makes chocolate symbolize intense humanity: the need for nurturing, the lack of comfort, the hunger for success, and the need to feel loved in some way or form. 9. More Chocolate Featured In: Chocolat by Joanne Harris The Chocolate War redux? Perhaps. A decadent and charming story  set in the small French village of Reynauld (a-ha! Coincidence, or is this a variant of the name of the main character of The Chocolate War?) the novel is about the enigmatic single mom Vienne and her daughter, who come from out of town to set up a chocolate shop where the town’s old bakery once stood. The motif of chocolate elicits the long-lost pleasures of the village. It reminds the villagers of life’s delights while enticing them to the unthinkable possibility of â€Å"letting themselves go.† The bulk of the story is set during the Easter season, because during this religious period of time we prove our worth as Christians by making sacrifices. Ironically, Easter celebrations involve egg hunts, treats, food, chocolate and sweets everywhere. The rationale behind Harris’s choice of season as setting for her novel is that she wanted to write â€Å"about that conflict between indulgence a nd guilt, with chocolate as its†¦metaphor.† Chocolat gives us much more than just a moral lesson. It gives us rich depictions of ways to prepare the ancient bean, whose Mesoamerican origins as a bitter, magical potion contrasts dramatically with the treatment that we give it today. Mirroring the transformative effects of this over 2,000 year-old Aztec beverage, Joan Harris’s chocolate has almost the same supernatural powers among the people of the village. It taunts them, tempts them, piques their curiosity, and even awakens them to innocent mischief. Harris effectively conveys the literary technique of motif with the use of a universal substance that embodies very human emotions: love, hunger, excitement, curiosity, desire, indulgence, and, most importantly, comfort. It is similar to the use of chocolate as a motif in The Chocolate War. Seems like the almighty cocoa bean makes the world a better place, after all. 10. Tea Featured In: Alice’s Adventures in Wonderlandby Lewis Carroll. Insipid to the American taste bud, the tea leaf has universally starred on plenty stages from literature to politics (remember Boston Harbor). While the formalities of tea are not as strongly enforced in the U.S, there is no question that its protocol is quite the big deal in terms of etiquette and dynamics. In chapter VII of Lewis Carroll’s classic, Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland, we witness a whimsical afternoon tea party hosted by the infamous Mad Hatter, the March Hare and the Dormouse; an affair which Alice found both, infuriating and â€Å"stupid.† A bona fide Victorian, the up and coming society gal Alice is shocked at the disorganized and silly turn of events,   but she still partakes in  it, taking the bread and butter while arguing about the lack of everything going on. In the end, the event is â€Å"too much of muchness† for Alice, who walks away from it promising herself never to return there again. That aside, this literary motif in the novel known popularly as Alice in Wonderland, represents a conduit: a liquid potion that has the power to transform human relations. Tea is quite the Victorian timestamp. In 1840, the English set up tea leaf plantations in new territories of India as a result of Victoria becoming empress of the land. Hence, tea became both easier to acquire and cheaper to purchase. The result was a boom in consumption that rendered â€Å"tea time† universally recognized as the quintessential English past-time of choice. Tea also represented a form of transformation in the 19th century: it stood for class status, propriety, socialization, and networking. To tea or not to tea WAS the daily question back in the day. While this â€Å"hot water meets plant† infusion’s role in the world rests entirely on those who drink it, it does hold a special significance in the world of Alice’s multidimensional adventure into Wonderland.

50 Winning Cause and Effect Essay Topics and Ideas

50 Winning Cause and Effect Essay Topics and Ideas If you are struggling with choosing a winning topic for your cause and effect essay feel free to use our cause and effect topics list which is being constantly updated. Cause and effect essay is an essay that deals primarily with the causes and effects of the event, situation or dilemma. The purpose of such an essay is to explain why the event happened, what are all the consequences and ramifications of the event. This  manner  of the  essay is an easy way to discuss and organize ideas around topics. In the essay of this type, you will be required to outline a situation describing what caused it and the effects of that particular situation:  direct and indirect, seen and unseen. 5 STEPS ON HOW TO WRITE A CAUSE AND EFFECT ESSAY How to Structure Your Essay A cause and effect essay is similar in structure to most other essays, in that it requires an introduction, a body, and a conclusion. However, because of the nature of the essay, body paragraphs will be largely  split into two major components, unlike many argumentative essays that often have three major body components. While writing a cause and effect essay stick firmly to the correct  cause and effect essay outline, since it is one of the key factors in getting a high grade for your paper. Cause and Effect Essay Topics by Levels of Difficulty Easy Cause and Effect Essay Topics History Causes of the American Civil War – state’s rights for slavery, unable to compromise, state vs. federal authority Effects of the Civil War – start of the civil war, federal authority established, end to slavery in America Education Causes of Bullying in School – parental abuse at home, feelings of inadequacy Effects of Bullying in School – physical and mental harm, lowering of grades English Causes of the Decline of Spelling in Schools – less focus on rote memorization techniques Effects of the Decline of Spelling in Schools – fewer students are becoming authors Political Science Causes of the Magna Carta – Nobles wanted the Monarchy to be more responsible, King John’s continual tax raises Effects of Magna Carta – all democratic institutions today, rule by the people Medium Difficulty Cause and Effect Essay Topics Marketing Causes of Brand Loyalty – effective marketing campaigns, repetitive advertising, similar messages Effects of Brand Loyalty – higher sales, enables higher pricing levels and better profit margins Sociology Causes of Poverty – lack of education, poor life choices, born into poverty Effects of Poverty – low life quality, perpetuates further poverty Science Causes of the Big Bang – what was the initial reaction, are there other theories more accurate to describe the beginning of the universe Effects of the Big Bang – are the causes relevant to the effects, would the Universe have evolved without a major starting event Criminology Causes of Riots – higher rates of poverty, unfair legislation, not enough social safety nets Effects of Riots – possible government overthrow, higher rate of crime Difficult Cause and Effect Essay Topics Environmental Studies Causes of Climate Change – pollution, human causes, long-term cycles Effects of Climate Change – more prevalent severe weather, rising tides Psychology Causes of Mental Illness – is there a family history, extreme stressful events Effects of Mental Illness – low quality of life, effects on other family members, long-term effects on mental ability Medical Practice Causes of Obesity – genetic causes, environmental causes, societal marketing Effects of Obesity – shorter life span, increase mental illness Computer Science Causes of the Singularity – humans create artificial intelligence for productivity increases Effects of the Singularity – machines take over the earth, machines become sentient If you are looking for cause and effect essay examples here is a great one CAUSE AND EFFECT ESSAY EXAMPLE: GREAT DEPRESSION Cause and Effect Essay Topics by Subject Environmental Issues Effects of CO2 Emissions on Global Environment Causes and Effects of Glacier Melting Effects of Industrial Pollution Causes and Effects of Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill Effects of Drinking Water Contamination Blast Fishing and Its Effect on Marine Ecosystems Political Issues Why Has the US Invaded Iraq and Afghanistan? What are the consequences for such invasion? Did the Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) Lead to Risky Lending? Causes and Consequences of U.S. Governments Efforts to Increase Homeownership Will Congress and the President Take Action on the Growing Debt? What if it Does Not? What are the Causes and Implications of Winding Down Military Operation in Afghanistan? Social Issues Response of Society to Same-sex Marriages How Will Changes in Gun Regulations Affect Our Society? Consequences of Legalizing Abortions The Need for Sustainable Communities: Root Causes and Anticipated Effects Obesity in the US: Root Causes and Effects Economic Issues The Global Financial Crisis: Causes, Consequences, and Possible Alternatives Impact of Consumerism on Global Economy The Economic Impact of Hurricane Sandy Impact of â€Å"Obamacare† onto the Healthcare System Issues in the IT Spread of the Internet has Given Rise to Cyberbullying Cause and Effect of Internet Monitoring by US Government Impact of Social Networking Services on Today’s Life Ethical Issues Genetic Engineering: Causes and Effects Causes and Effects of Legalizing Marijuana for Recreational Use in Colorado Washington Cultural Imperialism Impact of Globalization Writing a cause and effect essay is a very specific task that needs to be structured properly. Teachers and professors are looking for specific links between causes and effects or an explanation as to why they were not causal to each other. A great essay explores not only the direct links that are obvious, it delves into the depth of  other possible connections to the situation. These indirect or unseen causes are often left out of these essays and cause lower marks. Get help in writing your cause and effect essay today by calling 1-800-235-4105  or place your order using our order form.

Midterm Exam Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Midterm Exam - Term Paper Example Where regulations put in place are non-enforceable; feedback from the regulatory cycle ensures that the necessary adjustments to the legal framework take effect. In a regulatory cycle, consultation should be taken in priority at all stages. When consultations are carried out early in the regulatory process it is easy to understand the nature and extent of the range of possible options that can address it together with potential costs involved. When it comes to government policy and consultation, it leads to establishment of best practice on stakeholder consultation in aim of maintaining a better regulatory process. The regulatory process played a major role in the automobile industry. The cycle required the management to re-strategies their future plans according to the set regulations. As part of the regulatory cycle, carbon constrains policy measures were being introduced into the system, which meant a drastic measure for the automobile industry. The policy is designed to moderate the emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) together with other greenhouse gases. Regulating the emission of carbon dioxide directly affects the motor industry, which means that management decisions in the automotive industry had to be adjusted. The management of automotive industry was forced to change their plans as the new regulations meant that their products were supposed to meet certain standards for them to gain market. The key idea is that if the industry is facing pressure to minimize carbon emission then the costs for manufacturing will definitely go high as a result the vehicle pricing will have to go high. Another thing that management will have to come up with is the change in competitive advantage. Increased technologies, advanced engines, and designs will no longer be the basis of competition this is something that management needs to understand. Instead, management will have to focus on a rather different strategy that incorporates reducing carbon dioxide emission in order to stay competitive. Question 2 After a careful analysis of Kellman’s critique on cost benefit analysis, I find it logical to agree with his ideas as decision-making should be something taken while focusing on all considerations. It is rather unfair for decisions to be made in terms of benefits alone instead of weighing other factors involved such as moral and ethical consequences (Kellman). It is true that on a moral level cost benefit analysis cannot be suitable for making all life decisions. Just as he explains with critical assessment, the negative and positive consequences that are experienced from an act in most cases go beyond the act’s instantaneous consequence. Perhaps one of the most affected group is the minority, as cost benefit analysis never concentrates on the minority. Furthermore, negative group against moral consideration in making decision is another group that Kellman introduces as utilitarian. This group makes decisions on their acts whether they a re wrong or right it all depends on its consequence of action. If there were satisfaction then they would maximize their satisfaction believing that whatever they are doing and generally believe that it is right. My opinion would be cost benefit analysis only ought to be made after all other needs are met such as whether the decision is morally accepted and are there any groups of minority. Corporate sustainability is an approach that brings in a long-term employee and consumer value